Matrix metalloproteinases in bone development and pathology: current knowledge and potential clinical utility

Abstract

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are degrading enzymes that have a pivotal function in extracellular matrix remodeling. More than half of the MMP members are expressed by bone and cartilage cells under physiological or pathological conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis. Through studies on the various bone diseases and on genetically modified mouse models in which one or more of the MMPs or their associated proteins and down- stream signaling molecules have been targeted, it is becoming increasingly evident that MMPs and other players in their cellular pathway play a pivotal role in bone development and remodeling. This review details the latest findings related to MMPs and bone development and pathology