Participation of the microbiome in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Recent research works suggest that an altered, quantitative composition and qualitative diversity of the gut microbiome may play an important role in the development of metabolic disorders. Growing evidence suggests that the gut bacteria contribute to the onset of the low-grade inflammation, characterising also metabolic disorders arising via mechanisms of the gut barrier dysfunction. The gut microbiome composition has been associated with several components of metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes, chronic cardiovascular diseases, and non-alcoholic liver steatosis. The composition of the gut microbiome also represents an important, environmental factor that influences the development of type 1 diabetes. Many studies have examined the mechanisms by which the control of the microbiomes may play a role in the prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes.