Diagnosis and management of molar incisor hypomineralisation in children: An evidence-based overview

Abstract

Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a developmental, qualitative enamel irregularity associated with a reduction of inorganic and mineralised components, leading to tooth discolouration and weakening of tooth structure. Patients presenting with one or more teeth affected by MIH are common in dental practice. With a broad range of clinical manifestations, MIH can be difficult to diagnose. The condition may have a deleterious impact on the general health, psychosocial well-being and the quality of life of children who are affected. Teeth with MIH can result in hypersensitivity, sub-optimal aesthetics, and a rapid increase of dental caries. It also presents additional challenges for the orthodontist in relation to the management of affected patients. The present paper provides an evidence-based overview of the prevalence and aetiology of the condition, with specific emphasis on the orthodontic implications. The paper summarises the clinical characteristics of MIH and the range of potential management options. An accurate and timely diagnosis can enable effective planning and appropriate management that is tailored for the individual child patient.