Sustainable Development and Ethno-Inhabitant in Mangrove Ecology of India: A Case Study on Governance Policy in Sundarban

Abstract

Criticality: Sundarban is a world heritage Mangrove area in the eastern part of India and the southern part of Bangladesh. My focus area is the rest of the rest of India. The 54 islands in this region are inhabited by people and the Reserve Forest. Strong ethnic feelings are belonging to Schedule Cast, Schedule Tribe, Other-Backward Class-A & B. Sundarban is a bountiful natural resource region of tropical, marine, and other aquatic organisms, endangered Royal Bengal tigers, crocodiles, and other flora-faunas. Statement of the Problem: Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy, catering to about 89% of the total population of this region; even the high percentage is landless. They have popular common occupations like farming, honey collection, fishing, crab hunting, etc. A unique occupation is Tiger Charmer (Bauley). There is a broad area of Tiger Widow. Tourism could be another economic activity. However, the infrastructure is still inadequate. Despite the rapid development of science and technology in India, it has avoided traditional and peripheral beings. It has to face tremendous loss of life and property due to natural hazards. Objectives of the Study: The study wants to focus on how these ethnic groups take self-initiative for the ecological preservation of the Sundarban. This academic study will possibly try to recommend advanced policies to trim down natural disasters, require realistic and sensible guidelines, illegal approaches, and corruption in mangrove mapping platforms. This study assesses the attitude of local stakeholders towards sustainable management of ethnobotany, permaculture, Mangrove-friendly ecology, etc. Method: This study follows the geomorphologic approach, and it adopts the qual-quant survey method on 1220 households and Tiger Widow Village regarding field study. Findings: Anthropogenic pressure, political corruption, and maladministration are obstacles to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Institutions like local governance and the Panchayat Raj system are run by public representatives, most of whom are illiterate. Ecological engineering finds an asymmetric relationship between increasing populations and the decline in mangrove families.