Lymph Node Metastasis for pN+ Superficial Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze lymph node metastasis (LNM) distribution in superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its impact factors on survival. Methods: We reviewed 241 pT1N+ ESCC cases between February 2012 and April 2022 from 10 Chinese hospitals with a high volume of esophageal cancer (EC). We analyzed clinicopathological data to identify overall survival (OS) risk factors and LNM distribution in relation to tumor invasion depth. Results: Of the 241 patients, 26 (10.8%) had pT1a cancer and 215 (89.2%) had pT1b cancer. We showed that N3 stage, ≤ 28 lymphadenectomies, and nerve infiltration (NI) were negative factors for OS in superficial pN+ ESCC, whereas the OS was not definitively affected by the tumor depth and the choice of adjuvant therapy. In general, the LNM rates of the 193 pT1N+ ESCC cases can be ranked in the following order: station 106recR > station 106recL > station 1 > station 7 > station 2. With deeper tumor invasion, the higher LNM rate was observed near the bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLN), but there was no statistically significant difference. Conclusions: In superficial ESCC, LNM was frequently observed along the 106recR (35.8%) and 106recL (25.6%) stations. Advanced N-staging (N3) was a major negative impact factor in prognosis, and adequate lymph nodes dissected (LND) (N > 28) improved OS of pT1N+ ESCC. However, in superficial ESCC, tumor infiltration depth did not affect patients' OS or the distribution of positive LNs. The optimal adjuvant treatment that favors survival for these patients required further investigation.