Blood pressure goal attainment in multi-ethnic Asian patients with hypertension and dyslipidaemia in primary care

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Hypertension and dyslipidaemia are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and achieving treatment goals mitigates such risks. This study determined demographic and medication-related factors associated with blood pressure (BP) goal attainment in patients with concomitant hypertension and dyslipidaemia. METHODS This paper is a sub-analysis of the Lipid HEALTH study, a questionnaire survey focusing on adult Asian patients with both dyslipidaemia and hypertension. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain demographic and clinical information. Laboratory and prescription data was retrieved from electronic health records. BP goals were defined by international guidelines. Data was audited and analysed, and logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors determining BP goal attainment. RESULTS Among the 851 included patients, 49.7% attained their BP goals. 37.0% were on monotherapy, 57.6% on ≥ 2 BP-lowering medications, and 5.4% had no pharmacologic treatment. Among those on pharmacotherapy, 51.2% failed to achieve BP goals. Calcium channel blockers were the most frequently prescribed medications. Attainment of BP goals was significantly associated with: not having Type 2 diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR] 2.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.61-3.13); attaining low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.45-2.81); being solely on dietary control (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.09-4.39); and receiving monotherapy (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.18-2.48). CONCLUSION BP treatment goals were attained by half of the patients with dyslipidaemia and hypertension, and half of those on pharmacotherapy. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol control were significantly associated with BP goal attainment.