Effects of Heat Treatment and Diamond Burnishing on Fatigue Behaviour and Corrosion Resistance of AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel

Abstract

The surface cold working (SCW) of austenitic stainless steel (SS) causes martensitic transformation in the surface layers, and the percentage fraction of the strain-induced martensite depends on the degree of SCW. Higher content of α′−martensite increases the surface micro-hardness and fatigue strength, but deterioration of the corrosion resistance is possible. Therefore, the desired operational behaviour of austenitic SS can be ensured by the corresponding degree of SCW and heat treatment. This article evaluates the effects of SCW performed by diamond burnishing (DB) and heat treatment on the surface integrity (SI), rotating fatigue strength, and corrosion resistance of AISI 304 austenitic SS for two initial states: as-received hot-rolled bar and initially heat-treated at 1100 °C for one hour followed by quenching in water. Then, DB was implemented as a smoothing and hardening process, both alone and in combination with heat treatment at 350 °C for three hours after DB. The electrochemical performance was examined by open circuit potential measurements, followed by potentiodynamic tests. For both initial states, smoothing DB provided the lowest roughness, whereas an improvement in the maximum surface micro-hardness was obtained after hardening DB and subsequent heat treatment. The maximum fatigue strength was obtained by hardening multi-pass DB without subsequent heat treatment for the as-received initial state. Smoothing DB and subsequent heat treatment maximised the surface corrosion resistance for the two initial states, whereas a minimum corrosion rate was obtained for the initially heat-treated state. For the as-received state, smoothing DB and subsequent heat treatment simultaneously lead to a high fatigue limit (equal to that obtained by hardening single-pass DB) and a low corrosion rate.