Optical properties of correlated materials - Or why intelligent windows may look dirty

Abstract

Materials with strong electronic Coulomb correlations play an increasing role in modern materials applications. "Thermochromic" systems, which exhibit thermally induced changes in their optical response, provide a particularly interesting case. The optical switching associated with the metal-insulator transition of vanadium dioxide (VO2), for example, has been proposed for use in numerous applications, ranging from anti-laser shields to "intelligent" windows, which selectively filter radiative heat in hot weather conditions. Are present-day electronic structure techniques able to describe, or - eventually even predict - such a kind of behavior? How far are we from materials design using correlated oxides? These are the central questions we try to address in this article. We review recent attempts of calculating optical properties of correlated materials within dynamical mean field theory, and summarize results for VO2 obtained within a novel scheme aiming at particularly simple and efficient calculations of optical transition matrix elements within localized basis sets. Finally, by optimizing the geometry of "intelligent windows," we argue that this kind of technique can, in principle, be used to provide guidance for experiments, thus giving a rather optimistic answer to the above questions. © 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.