Efficacy and safety of four vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection (COVID-19): A rapid review

Abstract

Introduction: Since the SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged, there have been efforts to develop vaccines to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: Was to assess evidence efficacy and safety of the BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1/AZD1222 and Gam-COVID-Vac rAd26-S/rAd5-S vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Materials and methods: We searched in PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform on 15 March 2021. We measured the risk of bias of the studies and the quality of the evidence through GRADE profiles. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results of clinical trials was presented. Results: We identified 74 studies and included 4 in the review. The efficacy of the BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1/AZD1222 and Gam-COVID-VacrAd26-S/rAd5-S vaccines against symptomatic COVID-19 was 95.0% (95% CI, 90.3 to 97.6), 94.1% (95% CI, 89.3 to 96.8), 66.7% (95% CI, 57.4 to 74.0), and 91.1% (95% CI, 83.8 to 95.1) respectively, and there was moderate certainty of the evidence due to serious indirectness. The safety profiles were acceptable, data on serious adverse events (summary RR: 0.93; 95% CI, 0.77 to 1.12; P =0.16) and deaths from all causes (summary RR: 0.70; 95% CI, 0.33 to 1.50; P =0.90) showed no significant differences. Conclusion: The results of this review support the level of evidence for the efficacy and safety of the COVID-19 vaccines that were analyzed.