The association between retinol-binding protein 4 and cardiovascular risk score is mediated by waist circumference in overweight/obese adolescent girls

Abstract

Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is an emerging risk factor for atherosclerotic disease in adults. However, to our knowledge, there are no studies examining the relationship between RBP4 and cardiovascular risk in young population. Therefore, we aimed to estimate this potential relationship in overweight/obese adolescent girls. Seventy overweight/obese adolescent girls, mean age 17.6±1.20 years, were included. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured. Cardiovascular risk score (CVRS) was calculated by adding points for each risk factor (e.g., sex, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), non-HDL-c, smoking, blood pressure and fasting glycemia). According to the risk status, we divided adolescent girls into low, medium and high risk groups (-2≤ CVRS ≤1, 2≤ CVRS ≤4 and CVRS ≥5, respectively). We found significantly higher RBP4 in the high risk group as compared with low risk group (p < 0.001). However, multiple linear regression analysis showed waist circumference (beta=0.257, p=0.031) to be the only independent predictor of higher cardiovascular risk (adjusted R2=0.342, p < 0.001). In conclusion, RBP4 may be associated with higher cardiovascular risk in overweight/obese adolescent girls, but this association is mediated by abdominal obesity.