Biodegradable Properties of PET Analogous Furan-Based Polyesters in the Seas

Abstract

Polyethylene furanoate (PEF), a 100% bio-based alternative to polyethylene terephthalate, has the potential to be biodegradable under composting conditions. However, information about the biodegradability of PEF is currently lacking, and further studies under realistic natural conditions are needed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the biodegradability of PEF. In this study, we first demonstrated that PEF is marine biodegradable based on the results of laboratory tests using the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) test method using seawater at the coast of Osaka Bay, Japan. BOD tests revealed a 40% biodegradation of PEF within 90 days. The BOD curve followed a sigmoidal pattern, indicating an initial induction period. This behavior, typical of biodegradable polymers, suggests the presence of enzymes and bacteria capable of hydrolyzing PEF. Additionally, adjusting the length of the methylene chain in furan-containing polyesters can regulate their biodegradability. These findings hold promise for developing biodegradable polymer building blocks and advancing biobased, biodegradable polymer technology.