Adverse events and cost savings three years after implementation of guidelines for outpatient contrast-agent use

Abstract

The ability of guidelines limiting the use of low-osmolality contrast media (LOCM) to save money without jeopardizing patient care was studied. In February 1993 an academic medical center implemented guidelines to reduce the use of LOCM for outpatient computed tomography and excretory urography; the guidelines limited LOCM to patients at high risk of adverse reactions to contrast agents. Data on contrast media received and frequency of adverse events were compiled from billing sheets and incident reports for March 1993 through February 1996. The number of patients receiving LOCM over the three years was 1325, and the number receiving high-osmolality contrast media (HOCM) was 4435. Of the HOCM recipients, 165 (3.7%) had adverse reactions; 0.4% of these reactions were major, 3.1% were minor, and 0.2% were extravasations. Among LOCM treated patients, 35 (2.7%) had adverse reactions; 0.5% were major, 1.7% were minor, and 0.5% were extravasations. The only significant difference in adverse effects between the groups was in the frequency of minor reactions. The costs of HOCM and LOCM over the three years were $54,660 and $152,523, respectively. Had 90% of the 5760 patients received LOCM, the total cost of contrast agents would have been $603,723; thus, the estimated drug cost saving was $396,540, or $132,180 annually. With costs of treating adverse events factored in, the net annual cost saving was $132,093. Guidelines limiting the use of LOCM to high-risk patients saved an academic medical center an estimated $132,093 annually in drug costs for specific outpatient imaging procedures, without adversely affecting patient care.