HM2LP: Hybrid Multilevel Multihop LEACH Protocol for Conserving Energy in Large Area WSN

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for a large area is the need of the hour due to ever-growing demand on the fly services in different application fields. More senders deployed in a large area will generate an enormous amount of data and will communicate to the base station (BS). The distance of a device from the BS will affect the energy of the transmitting sensor. While collecting data at the BS required distance of the route to travel by the data packets is also longer. More energy of the nodes is consumed during transmission, reception, and data aggregation phases. Systems designed for small networks perform poorly in large networks due to more energy dissipation. This work proposes using Rendezvous nodes (RN) to reduce energy consumption. The network is divided into grids. Each grid has an RN. All the selected cluster head (CH) sends their data to the RN of its zone, and then the RN transmits this data to the BS. Using this method, the traffic load of the network is reduced. The lifetime of the network is improved, which is the fundamental need of large WSNs. Existing protocols Energy Efficient Sleep Awake Aware (EESAA), Energy Efficient Scalable Routing Algorithm (EESRA), Modified Invasive Weed Optimization Clustering Approach (M-IWOCA), and Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) are also implemented in the proposed scenario. Total network lifetime shows growth by 12% using the developed Hybrid Multilevel Multihop LEACH Protocol (HM2LP)