Gambaran Kontaminasi Bakteri pada Udara Kamar Operasi Rumah Sakit Universitas Udayana

Abstract

Introduction: The operating room is a sterile and organized environment. Operating room contamination is one of the most life-threatening sources of nosocomial infections for patients, especially in transplant surgery, cardiac surgery, cystoscopy, and transurethral resection of prostate and bladder tumors. The air around the operating room environment can be contaminated or carry various microorganisms. Insufficiently sterilized operating rooms will likely increase operating room infections and lead to poorer prognostic outcomes for postoperative patients. This study aims to determine bacterial contamination in the operating room air at Udayana University Hospital, to prevent surgical wound infections. Method: This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional study design, and was carried out at the Central Surgical Installation of Udayana University Hospital for air sampling. Bacterial identification was carried out at the Niki Medika Laboratory. In each operating room, a petri dish containing blood agar media is placed. Air samples were taken shortly before the first operation began and after all operations were completed that day, a total of 24 petri dishes or samples were obtained. Result: In 24 samples of Blood Agar media in OK 1 and OK 2 rooms, bacteria were found that contaminated the air of the operating room at Udayana University Hospital, such as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Bacillus sp. Conclusion: Bacteria were found that contaminated the operating room air at Udayana University Hospital, namely coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Bacillus sp.   Pendahuluan: Kamar operasi adalah lingkungan yang steril dan terorganisir. Kontaminasi ruang operasi adalah salah satu sumber infeksi nosokomial yang paling mengancam jiwa bagi pasien, terutama pada operasi transplantasi, operasi jantung, sistoskopi dan reseksi transuretral dari tumor prostat dan kandung kemih.  Udara di sekitar lingkungan kamar operasi dapat terkontaminasi atau membawa berbagai mikroorganisme. Ruang operasi yang tidak cukup disterilkan, kemungkinan besar akan meningkatkan infeksi pada kamar operasi dan mengarah ke hasil prognostik yang lebih buruk dari pasien pasca operasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kontaminasi bakteri pada udara kamar operasi di Rumah Sakit Universitas Udayana, agar dapat mencegah terjadinya infeksi luka operasi. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain studi potong lintang (cross sectional), dan dilaksanakan di Instalasi Bedah Sentral Rumah Sakit Universitas Udayana untuk pengambilan sampel udara. Identifikasi bakteri dilakukan di Laboratorium Niki Medika. Pada masing masing kamar operasi diletakkan cawan petri yang berisikan media Agar Darah. Pengambilan sampel udara diambil sesaat sebelum operasi pertama dimulai dan sesudah semua operasi selesai di hari tersebut, didapatkan total sebanyak 24 cawan petri atau sampel. Hasil: Pada 24 sampel media Agar Darah di ruang OK 1 dan OK 2 ditemukan bakteri yang mengkontaminasi udara kamar operasi Rumah Sakit Universitas Udayana, seperti Staphylococcus koagulase negatif, Acinetobacter baumannii dan Bacillus sp. Kesimpulan: Ditemukan bakteri yang mengkontaminasi udara kamar operasi Rumah Sakit Universitas Udayana, yaitu Staphylococcus koagulase negatif, Acinetobacter baumannii dan Bacillus sp.