A Case of Disseminated Mycobacterium genavense Infection in an AIDS Patient. A Case Report and a Review of the Literature

Abstract

A 44-year-old male, who was HIV seropositive, developped weight loss, high grade fever, and multiple lymphadenopathies. Bone marrow biopsy revealed a granuloma lesion, and at the same part of the specimen, Ziehl Neelsen staining showed multiple mycobacterium diffusely arranged in the histocytes. The culture did not show positive after 6 to 8 weeks. Finally we diagnosed disseminated Mycobacterium genavense using a house-keeping gene analysis including 16S rRNA sequencing of lymph punctate with fine needle aspiration and the specimen from the biopsy of the lymph node. If a specimen tests positive for Ziehl Neelsen staining smear positive, culture negative, and PCR negative for tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex, we should consider M. genavense infection as one of the differential diagnoses.