Scientific Overview of Cupping Applications in Athletes

Abstract

Recently, the interest in traditional and complementary medicine applications (TCM) are increasing among the athletes. One of the most widely used TCM applications is the cupping therapy. Although there are many forms of application, currently the most frequent practices are dry cupping and wet cupping (hijamah). The mechanism of action of cupping application has still not been fully proven. However, it is claimed that they may be reduced pain, sedation, increased regeneration, detox and improved immune system. Since particularly champion athletes prefer the practice, the question of whether this practice is related to performance comes to the mind. The number of randomized controlled studies related to the effects of cupping therapy in athletes is limited. It is usually claimed that it reduces back and neck pain. Evidence of effects on flexibility and sports injuries is controversial. It is suggested that it reduces fatigue and increases quality of sleep, and antioxidant capacity. There is not enough evidence about the direct effects of cupping therapy on performance. However, it is claimed that it can increase performance by reducing pain and fatigue. More controlled studies are needed about the effects of cupping therapy on the athletes.