Creating shared value: A systematic review, synthesis and integrative perspective

Abstract

Creating shared value (CSV) refers to a strategic process through which corporations can turn social problems into business opportunities. CSV's strategic approach in solving societal problems and its close relationship with strategic corporate social responsibility (CSR) and stakeholder theory have kept the concept in the spotlight in both the corporate and academic worlds. As a result, the literature on CSV is riddled with ambiguities, weak theoretical foundations and contradictions. To better understand and address these ambiguities, we conducted a systematic literature review of 242 articles published from 2010 to 2020. We begin with a comprehensive review of the field and develop a definition of CSV that distinguishes it from related concepts. Our review and analysis reveal, firstly, that CSV is a meaningful, incremental addition in the extant literature and not a revolutionary concept, nor a buzzword. Secondly, assuming that firms are rational, a firm's decision function when it comes to adopting a CSV strategy depends on opportunity costs and transaction costs. Thirdly, there is no single universal way to create shared value: multiple external and internal factors influence a firm's ability to pursue a CSV strategy effectively. Our discussion delineates the key differences between scholars of strategy and scholars of business ethics, and directs avenues for more constructive research. We also believe that this study will act as a guide for managers in adapting to CSV strategies, helping corporations adopt society-friendly policies.