Physiotherapists' Perceptions and Challenges in Adopting Telerehabilitation in Rwanda: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background Digital health is increasingly recognized as a way to deliver healthcare services worldwide, including telephysiotherapy. In 2020, physiotherapists (PTs) were encouraged to adopt digital practices, but their attitudes and preparedness significantly influence telerehabilitation uptake. Objective This study evaluated Rwandan PTs perceptions of telerehabilitation and identified barriers to its adoption. Methodology Cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted using a digital questionnaire distributed to 292 Rwandan PTs. The survey covered demographics, views on telerehabilitation, readiness to adopt it, and perceived obstacles. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize participant demographics and responses. Furthermore, a logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors influencing the adoption of telerehabilitation, with adoption as the dependent variable. Results Hundred and sixty-eight participants completed the survey form (response rate = 57.5%). Findings showed that 86.9% of PTs acknowledged the internet's importance in rehabilitation, and 72.2% were interested in integrating telerehabilitation into their services. Logistic regression results revealed that a significant gender gap exists, with male PTs less likely to adopt telerehabilitation, while the use of accessible technologies like WhatsApp video, desktops, and phone calls were strong predictors of adoption. Main barriers identified were lack of training (71.14%) and high cost of telerehabilitation tools (55.35%). Conclusion Overall, Rwandan PTs demonstrate a positive attitude toward telerehabilitation but its adoption is hindered by a significant gender gap, with male practitioners being less likely to adopt it. The use of accessible technologies like WhatsApp and desktops strongly predicts adoption. To ensure successful integration, strategies must address key barriers such as limited training and high equipment costs by leveraging existing platforms and specifically targeting male practitioners.