Why Does Atmospheric Radiative Heating Weaken Midlatitude Cyclones?

Abstract

Recent work has indicated that atmospheric radiative heating reduces the kinetic energy of large-scale eddies in the midlatitudes. However, a physical mechanism that connects radiation to the midlatitude eddy kinetic energy is still uncertain. Using a high-resolution general circulation model we perform an experiment in which the radiative cooling profile at each model time step is overwritten with the climatological mean, computed from a control simulation. This approach separates the mean and transient effects of radiative heating on the extratropical circulation. We find that, when radiative heating is fixed, the globally-averaged eddy kinetic energy is enhanced by ∼6%. We show that thermal radiation dampens temperature anomalies near the surface and tropopause in low-pressure systems, destroying eddy available potential energy and eddy kinetic energy. We identify this as a possible mechanism by which atmospheric radiative heating weakens midlatitude cyclones.