Evaluation of the Association between Amount and Type of Milk Consumption and Periodontitis: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2018)

Abstract

This study evaluated the association between the consumption of milk and having severe periodontitis. It is based on the information from the 2016–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Severe periodontitis was characterized as a community periodontal index of code 4. A total of 18,034 individual respondents (7835 men and 10,199 women) without missing values were included in this study. Adjusted odds ratios and a 95% confidence interval of periodontitis in a multivariate logistic regression model for the amount of milk consumption were 0.774 [0.633–0.945] after the adjustment of confounding factors. This trend was maintained in a subgroup analysis of males with adjusted odds ratios, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.705 [0.538–0.924]. Overall, the findings showed a negative association between Korean adults’ milk consumption and the prevalence of severe periodontitis. Men with higher milk consumption were more likely to have a lower prevalence of severe periodontitis regardless of age, body mass index, smoking or drinking habits, education, income, region, and physical exercise, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, white blood cell count and toothbrushing frequency. By contrast, in women, the amount of milk consumption was not significantly associated with severe periodontitis. The amount of milk consumed was discovered to be a potential risk indicator for severe periodontitis in men in this study.