Density, viscosity, ultrasonic velocity and excess thermodynamic parameters of ternary liquid mixtures of morpholine + 1,4-dioxane + toluene or nitrobenzene at 308.15 k

Abstract

Densities, viscosities and ultrasonic velocities were measured for the two ternary liquid mixtures containing morpholine (1) + 1,4-dioxane (2) + nitrobenzene (3) or + toluene (3) at 308.15 K over the entire range of mole fractions. Thermodynamic parameters, such as excess volume (VE), deviations in adiabatic compressibility (ΔKS), free length (ΔLF), isothermal compressibility (ΔβT), free volume (ΔVF) and viscosity (Δη) were calculated and applied to the Redlich−Kister polynomial equation to determine the appropriate coefficients. The deviations of the ternary liquid mixtures from their ideal behaviour were determined from the measured and calculated thermodynamic properties. In addition, an insight into the molecular structure and possible interactions for the investigated mixtures was attempted.