Ultrabroadband two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy reveals energy flow pathways in LHCII across the visible spectrum

Abstract

We utilise ultrabroadband two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy to map out pathways of energy flow in LHCII across the entire visible region. In addition to the well-established, low-lying chlorophyll Qy bands, our results reveal additional pathways of energy relaxation on the higher-lying excited states involving the S 2 energy levels of carotenoids, including ultrafast carotenoid-to-chlorophyll energy transfer on 90-150 fs timescales.