Underlying side effects of caffeine

Abstract

The popular drink, coffee is in great attention due to its promising pharmacological effects. Caffeine (CFE), the known coffee constituent is mainly known for its prominent psychoactive effect on the central nervous system. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, neuro-, lung-, cardiac-, hepato-, reproductive system protective, antidiabetic, anticancer, bone formation and so forth important biological effects. However, CFE is evident to produce a number of side effects in human and other animals. This writing aims at sketching a current underlying toxicological scenario of CFE in human and other animals. Findings suggest that CFE's toxicological impacts are plugged in its dose as well as age, sex, and pathophysiology of the patients. More precautions are needed during pregnancy, those who are planning to be pregnant, lactating women, children, and adolescents, patients with hepatic and cardiovascular complications. Additionally, CFE has toxicological effects on the reproductive system and birth weight. In conclusion, more researches are appreciated to set safe dosages of CFE in groups of consumer.