Adjustable MXene-Based Materials in Metal-Ion Batteries: Progress, Prospects, and Challenges

Abstract

Rechargeable metal-ion batteries (MIBs) beyond lithium-ion batteries based on Na, K, Mg, and Al metal electrodes which are earth-abundant and low-cost have been developed for large-scale energy storage systems. MXenes, a type of transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, are discovered as electrodes for MIBs owing to their distinctive properties of large-scale ultrathin conductive 2D structures, adjustable surface functional groups, regulable interlayer spacing, and high specific surface area. Herein, the properties of MXenes are summarized and the recent progress on MXene-based materials for diversified MIBs (Li, Na, K, Mg, and Al-ion batteries) is introduced. The main focus is on the synthesis and applications of MXene-based materials in MIBs, and their roles in electrochemical reactions. Further examples are provided to demonstrate the significant function of MXene-based composite as active materials, substrates, collectors, and precursors in different MIBs, highlighting the enormous potential of MXene-based materials to construct advanced electrodes. This review expects to offer a deep understanding of the relationship between the electrochemical performance and the MXene-based electrodes, which will promote more novel and creative breakthroughs in the MXenes-based electrodes for MIBs.