Cardiovascular changes during peanut-induced allergic reactions in human subjects

Abstract

Background: Food allergy is the most common cause of anaphylaxis. Changes in posture during acute reactions can trigger fatal outcomes, but the impact of allergic reactions on the cardiovascular system in nonfatal reactions remains poorly understood. Objective: Our aim was to systematically evaluate changes in cardiovascular function during acute allergic reactions to peanut. Methods: Participants underwent double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge to peanut as part of a clinical trial. Changes in hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, stroke volume, blood pressure, and peripheral blood flow) and electrocardiogram findings during food challenges were assessed using noninvasive continuous monitoring. Results: A total of 57 adults (median age 24 years [interquartile range = 20-29]), 53% of whom were female, participated; 22 (39%) had anaphylaxis. Acute reactions were associated with significant changes in stroke volume (mean decrease of 4.2% [95% CI = 0.8-7.6; P =. 03]), heart rate (mean increase 11.6% [95% CI = 8.4-14.8; P