Calcaneus Fractures

Abstract

In this chapter, the diagnosis and treatment of calcaneus fracture, which leads to loss of workforce in the working population, are discussed. Its incidence is 2% in society. Its incidence with high-energy trauma is at the same level. Calcaneus fractures are often intraarticular fractures and require surgery. Three-directional radiographs are adequate for establishing a diagnosis. However, computed tomography is the gold standard when planning treatment. Classification is performed with conventional radiographs or tomographic imaging. Since the fracture configuration is similar, each fragment should be known along with its orientations. However, surgical success is achieved with the right timing. Open fractures and accompanying peripheral vascular disease are relative contraindications. Closed, minimally invasive and open surgery can be preferred. Postoperative skin problems and the risk of osteomyelitis are surgical disadvantages. The blood supply of the skin flap is preserved with the extensile lateral approach. Hence, the surgical complication rate can be reduced. Close skin monitoring and elevation are recommended in the preoperative and postoperative periods. Calcaneus fractures caused by low-energy trauma point to an underlying pathology. They are usually observed as avulsion and insufficiency fractures. Displaced fractures of the tuber calcanei are among the surgical emergencies of the young population. With conservative treatment, subtalar arthrosis is observed in almost every case. Immobilization, early movement, and weight-bearing after complete union are the basic principles of conservative treatment. The foot fixed in equinus and pronation should be cast by pressing medially. Heel valgus is the most common cause of morbidity. Entrapment neuropathy may be observed after malunion. Permanent foot pain and loss of function are frequently observed after the correct treatment. The incidence of subtalar arthrosis is significantly reduced with surgical treatment. Although there is a possibility of complications, surgery is performed at an increasing rate. It is possible to obtain successful results with locking screws with a thin profile.