Conservation farming prefers restoring plant lignin and microbial necromass in the particulate to mineral-associated organic matter

Abstract

Conservation farming has been recognized as effective climate strategies for enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and soil health. Yet, the extent to which this alternative agriculture influences SOC characteristics (i.e., biomolecules, lability and sources) in the soil matrix remains elusive. Employing three biomarkers – lipids, lignin and microbial necromass – we differentiated the composition, degradation and sources of two functional forms of organic matter: particulate (POM) and mineral-associated fractions (MAOM) in response to 20-year conservation practices in North China. Three treatments included: conventional tillage (CT), rotary tillage (RT), and no-till (NT). Topsoil samples (0–5 cm) were subjected to physical and chemical fractionation. The SOC content in POM was 40.8% higher in RT and 59.2% higher in NT compared with CT, whereas the increased SOC in MAOM was limited (by 1.3% and 8.9%). NT (cf. CT) increased short-chain lipids (