The prospect of microorganism in the silver nanoparticles biosynthesis to enhance antibiotic drug activity as an alternative solution to combat resistances

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a major global concern. Nanotechnology is an alternate solution to combat these emerging problems, through the formulation of antibiotic drugs with nanoparticle to enhance the activity and reduce toxicity. Interaction between nanoparticle and bacteria can cause membrane disruption and toxicity to pathogenic microorganisms. Thus the combination of silver nanoparticle and antibiotic substances hopefully can increase therapeutic efficiency. Several microorganisms, such as actinomycetes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp, Aspergillus flavus, Bacillus sp., Penicillum, and Saccharomyces cerevicae have been known to be able to synthesis silver nanoparticle. It is an alternative method for chemical and physical synthesis processes, which is more environmentally friendly. The biological synthesis process is also considered easy and efficient compared to the conventional one. Furthermore, the biogenic nanoparticle has been proved to have board spectrum activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, including the pathogenic fungi. This review will discuss the microbial agent that has been known for its silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) synthesis ability and the AgNPs antimicrobial activity either as the sole agent or in combination with antibiotic drugs.