Problemas de enfermería en el trasplante a pacientes añosos

Abstract

The aim of this work was to identify the nursing problems in the care of elderly patients (aged 65 and over) who receive a kidney graft during their time in hospital for transplant. To do so, the clinical histories of the years 2005 and 2006 were analysed retrospectively, and the nursing problems were coded using NANDA taxonomy. Descriptive statistics were used to show the frequency and duration of the problems, and the presence of medical complications. The number of blood transfusions, number of cases of post-transplant haemodialysis and the number of patients who required continuous vesicular irrigation to treat intravesicular clotting problems were also recorded. The most frequent nursing problems are: risk of infection, risk of perioperatory injury, excess of liquids, deterioration of skin integrity, deterioration of physical mobility, insufficient self-care, deficient knowledge, and deterioration of sleep pattern. The problems which were most frequently unresolved upon discharge of the patient from hospital were deterioration of urinary elimination, deficient knowledge, risk of unstable glucaemia and deterioration of sleep pattern. The most frequent medical complications were acute tubular necrosis and urinary fistula. Post-surgery blood transfusion was needed by 23% of the patients, 45% needed haemodialysis in the days after the transplant and 38% needed continuous vesicular irrigation.