Design and synthesis of intramolecular hydrogen bonding systems. Their application in metal cation sensing based on excited-state proton transfer reaction

Abstract

We reported the design and synthesis of a new type of metal-cation probes, 3-hydroxy-4-(1,4,7,10-tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadec-13-ylmethyl) naphthalene-2-carbaldehyde (1a) and its single hydrogen-bond analogue 1-(1,4,7,10-tetraoxa-13-azacylopentadec-13-ylmethyl)-2-naphthol (2a), in which 1-aza-15-crown-5 ether in combination with the naphthol oxygen acts as a receptor, while the mechanism of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) is exploited as a signal transducer. The association constant of (2.5±0.5)×10 4, (3.8±0.4)×10 4, (5.5±0.5)×10 3 and (1.2±0.3)×10 4 M -1 for the formation of 1a/Na +, 1a/Ca 2+, 2a/Na + and 2a/Ca 2+ complexes, respectively, in CH 3CN plus drastic fluorescence changes due to the fine-tuning of ESIPT reaction upon complexation, lead 1a and 2a to be highly sensitive fluorescent sensors. The results add a new class into the category of metal-cation probes, with the perspective of designing ESIPT systems capable of sensing bio-analytes. Graphical Abstract © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.