Possible sites for a Chinese International Lunar Research Station in the Lunar South Polar Region

Abstract

In the future, lunar exploration will focus on long-term scientific exploration, identification and utilization of resources, and construction of lunar surface infrastructure, all within a framework of increasing international cooperation. Therefore, China has proposed to establish an international lunar research station (ILRS) in the lunar south polar region. The scientific and engineering suitability of the landing site is a critical element for scientific research station that will operate over years. Compared to previous landed missions, the detection and exploration of volatiles and their role in the history and evolution of the Moon and Solar System is a major new theme. Using multiple datasets, we (1) evaluate the breadth of scientific goals that can be achieved for two potential landing areas (Amundsen crater and Malapert crater) with accessible permanently shadowed regions (PSRs), and (2) examine exploration constraints posed by terrain, temperature, and illumination conditions. Based on this, we determined the landing sites and potential high value exploration areas for each landing area, as well as the science missions that could be performed. Our ILRS siting strategy, which focuses more on scientific constraints than engineering constraints, will provide guidance for possible future ILRS siting areas.