Topical and Transdermal Delivery of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) for Inflammation and Pain: Current Trends and Future Directions in Delivery Systems

Abstract

The use of topical and transdermal drug delivery systems for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has transformed pain management, inflammation, and skin conditions. This analysis highlights the topical and transdermal applications of ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and flurbiprofen, highlighting their excellent skin permeability and localized pain relief, as well as an evaluation of their safety in such applications. Their compatibility with diverse formulations, minimal systemic side effects, and widespread use in commercial products makes them ideal candidates for skin research and targeted therapy. Advances in transdermal delivery processes, such as the use of chemical enhancers, Solid Lipid Nanoparticles, vesicular systems, and hydrogels, have enhanced NSAID penetration and bioavailability. Physical techniques like iontophoresis and sonophoresis further enhance the transport of drugs across the stratum corneum of the skin. These approaches and processes enable more efficient and localized treatment of inflammatory conditions. The review emphasizes the need for continued innovation, interdisciplinary processes, and collaboration to overcome existing challenges. Future developments in nanotechnology and advanced drug delivery systems have the capability to enhance the effectiveness and safety of NSAIDs, paving the way for novel therapeutic solutions in managing pain and inflammation.