Observable quasi-periodic oscillations produced by steep pulse profiles in magnetar flares

Abstract

Strong quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in the tails of the giant gamma-ray flares seen in SGR 1806-20 and SGR 1900+14 are thought to be produced by starquakes in the flaring magnetar. However, the large fractional amplitudes (up to 20%) observed are difficult to reconcile with predicted amplitudes of starquakes. Here, we demonstrate that the steeply pulsed emission profile in the tail of the giant flare can enhance the observed amplitude of the underlying oscillation, analogous to a beam of light oscillating in and out of the line of sight. This mechanism will also broaden the feature in the power spectrum and introduce power at harmonics of the oscillation. The observed strength of the oscillation depends on the amplitude of the underlying starquake, the orientation and location of the emission on the surface of the star, and the gradient of the light curve profile. While the amplification of the signal can be significant, we demonstrate that, even with uncertainties in the emission geometry, this effect is not sufficient to produce the observed QPOs. This result excludes the direct observation of a starquake and suggests that the observed variations come from modulations in the intensity of the emission. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.