Prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity in adolescents in Malang, East Java-Indonesia

Abstract

Background Overweight and obesity in adolescents is associ- ated with persistent obesity and higher risk of morbidity and mor- tality in adulthood. The authors wanted to determine the occur- rence of overweight and obesity in adolescents and to identify the associated risk factors. Methods A cross sectional study was carried out on 600 children aged from 11 to 17 years old. Anthropometric measurements included body weight, height, and triceps skin fold thickness. The nutritional status was classified based on BMI using the WHO standard criteria. Three 24-hour dietary recalls were collected to assess the quality of food. A systematic random sampling was made according to school grade and sex. Results Five hundred and fifty two (92%) children met the inclusion criteria, 46% were boys and 54% were girls. Most subjects (64%) had normal weight, 12% were underweight, 13% were overweight and 11% were obese. Among overweight group, 49% were boys, while among obese group, 53% were boys. On bivariate analysis, it was found that nutritional status had strong relationship with mother’s education. On multivariate regression analysis, it was noted that energy expenditure and mother’s education had significant nega- tive correlation with the occurrence of overweight and obesity (B=- 0.235; p<0.001 and B=-0.171; p=0.006) while energy intake and parental obesity had a significant positive correlation (B=0.498; p<0.001 and B=0.128; p<0.001). Conclusions Energy expenditure and mother’s education were inversely related to overweight and obesity, while energy intake and parental obesity were proportionally related to overweight and obesity [Paediatr