Paracoccidioides spp. Complex in excrets of Migratory Swallows (Tyrannus Savana and Progne Tapera Fusca), from South America

Abstract

Migratory birds such as Progne tapera fusca and Tyrannus savana species from the South of the American Continent, escape from the cold Austral, and find shelter in the Plaza de las Ciencias de Sur, (Puerto Ordaz downtown), Caroní Municipality, Bolívar State, Venezuela. The aim of this study was to describe bacteria, parasites and fungi in the excreta of these migratory swallows. A microbiological study was carried out, applying various techniques: direct examination, spontaneous sedimentation, Kinyoun staining, Giemsa staining and Weber Green trichrome staining; also bacterial and mycological cultures. The bacteria identified in the samples were Shigella sonnei and Escherichia coli. Oocysts of Cystoisospora spp., Cyclospora spp., Endolimax spp. cysts and Blastocystis spp. were also demonstrated. In addition, direct examination showed Paracoccidioides spp., blastospores and non-septate hyphae. Within the filamentous fungi, the genera Aspergillus spp., Mucor spp. and Penicillium spp. were identified. The isolated yeast fungi corresponded to Rodothorula spp., Candida tropicalis, Candida famata and Cryptococcus laurentii. The isolates of C. tropicalis and C. famata were sensitive to fluconazole and voriconazole. Bacteria, parasites and pathogenic fungi were demonstrated in the excreta of migratory swallows, representing a public potential health risk. So far, Paracoccidioides spp. Complex had not been demonstrated in the excreta of migratory swallows.