Multiple nerve root metastasis of breast carcinoma: A report of two cases

Abstract

Nerve root metastases are extremely rare with only a handful of cases ever reported. Metastasis to sites other than the primary site is common in malignant tumors whereas spinal ganglion metastasis is extremely rare and has been only reported in individual cases. The lumbar spine tends to be more common areas of presentation whereas breast cancer metastasis has been rarely reported. We herein reported two cases of breast carcinoma metastasis to multiple spinal nerve roots. The metastasis sites were S1 nerve root in Case 1 and left L5 and bilateral cervical nerve roots in Case 2. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the nerve roots in the intervertebral foramen zones appeared thickened and contrast-enhanced MRI exhibited intense enhancement. Pathological examination showed that these primary lesions were breast cancer in both cases, and there were intracranial multiple metastases in both cases, including preoperative metastasis to multiple nerve roots (lumbar and cervical) and postoperative recurrence. The clinical course was characterized by worsening radicular symptoms—especially intractable pain. The radiologic appearance might mimic a neurogenic tumor, which is performed intervertebral foraminal area lesion, and the corresponding ganglion/ nerve root became thickened and was enhanced significantly. Surgical intervention with tumor debulking followed by radiotherapy provides local tumor control and palliation from pain, but it is palliative. Therefore, for patients with radiological manifestations of radiculopathy, the possibility of metastatic tumors should be considered.