Desenvolvimento rural no Brasil: os limites do passado e os caminhos do futuro

Abstract

IN THE LAST 50 years , two were the moments during which the notion of "development" went up to a field of historical uniqueness , introducing itself as one of those key ideas that attract widespread interest, intensely discussed , guiding government programs , prompting sophisticated intellectual debates and in particular motivating social groups interested in the benefits associated changes and this notion . In these moments , enrolled in social agendas , the theme of "development " entered the field of politics , and thus began to permeate and determine the set of expectations and social disputes . The first of these periods would be born in the years following World War II , especially from the 50s , extending until the late 70s . In this long period , instigated by the polarization of the Cold War and its opposite models of society , and particularly under the impact of the remarkable economic growth of the time , which materialized a standard dominant civilization , revolutionizing the way of life and social behavior , the possibility of development fueled hopes and stimulated several initiatives in all societies . Would then only inevitable that rural development sub-theme immediately derived , was also one of the great engines of government policies and social interests , also inspiring a growing body of theoretical debates . At the time , many of the advanced societies today still retained significant portions of the population engaged in agricultural activities and / or inhabiting rural areas (though gradually smaller ), in other countries , such plots often reached high proportions . Likewise , it was still significant economic weight of agriculture in the national accounts , even in countries that then formed the most advanced block . It is also important to indicate that in this same period , after slow accumulation of earlier innovations , constituted a new and finished 'understanding of agriculture " which gradually became hegemonic in the world , not only in scientific but in different agricultural systems countries that acceded . Grounded in what was generically titled " Green Revolution " , in fact materialized under a technological standard which , it was implanted significantly radically broke with the past by tightly integrate rural families to new forms of productive rationality , commodifying gradually social life and slow historical process , breaking the relative autonomy sector than in other times would have experienced agriculture . With the spread of such a pattern in agriculture , since then called " modern" , the rural ( and agricultural activities , in particular) started to subordinate themselves as mere piece dependent , new interests , classes and ways of life and consumption , mostly urban , economic expansion of the period gave rise to varying degrees in different countries . This period , which coincides with the impressive expansion of the capitalist " golden years " (1950-1975) , is thus also a watershed for agricultural activities and rural ( re) born heavily processed as soon as the effects of this season transformations have become complete.