Bone marrow infarction in sickle cell anemia: Correlation with hematologic profiles

Abstract

Bone marrow infarction was investigated by 99mTc-sulfur colloid imaging in 42 patients with sickle cell anemia (SS) over a period of 2 yr. Marrow defects were demonstrated in 2 patients (66.6%), and in 15 (aged 19-52 yr), they were matched by roentogenographic evidence of medullary bone infarction. Repeated images showed no change in the size or site of these defects. Among 13 patients (aged 6-32 yr), all in crisis when initially examined, marrow defects were not associated with roentogenographic changes, and in many cases, repeated images showed resolution or decrease in size of the defects in 3-6 mo, even if the limb had been swollen and the marrow defect large. Among 14 patients (aged 18-36 yr), all asymptomatic at the time of study, no defects were found. Comparison of hematologic variables revealed a higher mean hemoglobin and hematocrit level among those with marrow infarcts (p <0.001). High levels of HbF, or the presence of α-thalassemia, did not protect against marrow infarction. Pulmonary fat embolism was not observed. 99mTc-sulfur colloid marrow imaging was considered to provide more useful information in the initial management of bone pain and swelling in sickle cell crisis than either roentogenographs or conventional 99mTc-methyldiphosphate bone images.