Impact of lifestyle intervention among prediabetic individuals

Abstract

Prediabetes is a stage before diabetes that refers to im-paired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance, or a combination of both. Sedentary work and unhealthy food patterns lead to prediabetes, and lifestyle modifi-cation is important. Hence the present study focuses on the impact of lifestyle intervention among prediabetic persons. One hundred and twenty-five people, excluding patients diagnosed with diabetes, from the Arthur Asir-vatham Hospital in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India were selected for the study. Demographic details were col-lected and anthropometric measurements like height, weight, body mass index and waist–hip ratio were made. The blood samples were analysed for fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar, glycosylated haemoglobin, lipid profile and urine samples for urine microalbumi-nuria. Blood pressure was also measured. The partici-pants were given a strict diet and exercise chart, after which they were followed up for six months. The collected data were analysed using appropriate statistical methods. Of the 125 prediabetes subjects enrolled, the mean age was 41.65 ± 7.56 years, with 71.2% male and 28.8% female. The mean height of the patients throughout the study was 159 ± 10.04 (cm). Overall there was a statisti-cally significant reduction in weight (65.3 ± 13.24–64.4 ± 12.86 kg), body mass index (25.8 ± 4.42 to 25.5 ± 4.29 kg/m2), fasting (111 ± 10.42 to 107 ± 8.5 mg/dl), postprandial blood sugar (159 ± 19.35 to 152 ± 18.8 mg/gl) and glycosylated haemoglobin (5.8 ± 0.18% to 5.7 ± 0.2%) between baseline and various follow-up visits (P < 0.05). Lifestyle intervention had a greater impact on lipid profile and no change in urine microalbuminuria in baseline and final visits. The study concludes that life-style intervention significantly impacts prediabetic sub-jects to avoid type-2 diabetes and its complications.