The Capabilities Approach to Homelessness: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Introduction: Situations of housing exclusion are complex and are a sign of social injustice. The capabilities approach is a promising way of exploring and addressing these situations. However, the diversity of the literature and the lack of synthesis make it difficult for stakeholders to gain an overall understanding of this approach for this population. The aim of this study is to determine the key elements of the capabilities approach to homelessness in the scientific literature at micro, meso and macro levels. Methodology: A scoping review, using 15 databases, was used to identify interdisciplinary, English- and French-speaking studies using the capabilities approach in situations of homelessness. A descriptive and thematic analysis was conducted using an iterative approach with 3 levels: macro, meso and micro. Results: Out of the 598 studies identified, 40 were selected. Studies describe a need to reorient social and housing policies to take better account of users while recognising the predominant systemic injustices (macro). Authors also focus on the components of housing, the quality of the environment and the functioning or organisation of services (meso). Finally, studies address the need for people to express their identity, develop personal resources, fulfil their personal needs and establish supportive interactions (micro). Conclusion: Integrating the elements of the capabilities approach appears highly beneficial for providing services tailored to users. This approach would require a significant transformation in the management of the housing and homelessness crisis—integrating the active participation of the people involved in the processes.