Actions of Ca2+ on an early stage in phototransduction revealed by the dynamic fall in Ca2+ concentration during the bright flash response

Abstract

To study the actions of Ca2+ on 'early' stages of the transduction cascade, changes in cytoplasmic calcium concentration (Ca2+) were opposed by manipulating Ca2+ fluxes across the rod outer segment membrane immediately following a bright flash. If the outer segment was exposed to 0 Ca2+/0 Na+ solution for a brief period immediately after the flash, then the period of response saturation was prolonged in comparison with that in Ringer solution. But if the exposure to 0 Ca2+/0 Na+ solution instead came before or was delayed until 1 s after the flash then it had little effect. The degree of response prolongation increased with the duration of the exposure to 0 Ca2+/0 Na+ solution, revealing a time constant of 0.49 ± 0.03 s. By the time the response begins to recover from saturation, Ca2+(i) seems likely to have fallen to a similar level in each case. Therefore the prolongation of the response when Ca2+(i) was prevented from changing immediately after the flash seems likely to reflect the abolition of actions of the usual dynamic fall in Ca2+(i) on an early stage in the transduction cascade at a site which is available for only a brief period after the flash. One possibility is that the observed time constant corresponds to the phosphorylation of photoisomerized rhodopsin.