Nested Constructions in the Yucatán Lowlands: Ancient Maya Marketplaces?

Abstract

Recent research has identified numerous distinctive architectural complexes in the central and western Maya Lowlands. Characterized by concentric arrays of low structures, these assemblages are consistent with Conquest-period descriptions of central Mexican marketplaces. Predominantly dating to the Classic period (ca.a.d. 250–900), they are also remarkably similar to the East Plaza of Tikal and the Chiik Nahb complex at Calakmul, both interpreted as markets based on multiple lines of evidence. The low, narrow, elongated mounds arranged in concentric circles or rectangles are likely remnants of platforms that once supported perishable stalls for displaying goods, with the intervening aisles functioning as walkways. Associated major structures and annexed courtyards may have accommodated administrative authorities or served as storage facilities. Stone altars and shrine remains within these complexes, along with the occasional presence of ballcourts and ceremonial buildings, align with well-documented religious and ritual aspects of Mesoamerican trade. While further research will undoubtedly detect more of these nested constructions, their distribution appears to be geographically limited. Since the available evidence strongly suggests that they represent a regional variant of ancient Maya built markets, this study also explores their distribution in relation to major trade routes, environmental constraints, and regional economic specializations.