Mechanisms of Vessel Pruning and Regression

Abstract

The field of angiogenesis research has primarily focused on the mechanisms of sprouting angiogenesis. Yet vascular networks formed by vessel sprouting subsequently undergo extensive vascular remodeling to form a functional and mature vasculature. This "trimming" includes distinct processes of vascular pruning, the regression of selected vascular branches. In some situations complete vascular networks may undergo physiological regression. Vessel regression is an understudied yet emerging field of research. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art of vessel pruning and regression with a focus on the cellular processes and the molecular regulators of vessel maintenance and regression. Angiogenesis research has focused on mechanisms of sprouting angiogenesis. Yet, after sprouting, vasculature undergoes extensive remodeling, pruning, and regression of selected branches, which is an understudied yet emerging field of research. This review discusses vessel pruning and regression, focusing on cellular processes and molecular regulators of vessel maintenance and regression.