Influencia de factores perinatales y alimentarios sobre el desarrollo de sobrepeso y obesidad en lactantes

Abstract

Introduction: Child overweight and obesity represent a health problem public and a prevalence of 8.2 and 6.3%, respectively, has been reported in Mexican infants. Some research includes as risk factors for the development of overweight and obesity, high birth weight, rapid increase in infant weight, the absence of breastfeeding during the first year of life, among others. In Nayarit, there are no reports of the causes associated with this pathology. Objective: To assess the influence of perinatal and dietary factors on the development of overweight and obesity in infants in a first-level medical unit of public sector care in Tepic, Nayarit. Methods: An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study of cases (overweight-obesity, n = 30) and controls (normal weight, n = 60) was performed. The current nutritional status, weight at birth, feeding type, duration of breastfeeding, age and start food of the complementary feeding were evaluated. Data analysis was performed using the student t test, the χ2 test and a logistic regression analysis with the STATISTICA version 12 (α = 0.05). Results: In the prevalence of breastfeeding, a 10% greater difference was observed in the control group (23.33%) than in the case group (13.33%), however, mixed complementary feeding was predominant in infants (> 70%). The main starting food was vegetables with 50% for cases and 38.33% for controls. The case group presented smaller height (79.56 cm) than the control group (82.40 cm) and the duration of breastfeeding was associated as a protective factor towards the development of overweight and obesity (Odds ratio = 0.896). Conclusions: The results of this work show the importance of increasing the period of breastfeeding, either exclusive or mixed, as a possible strategy to reduce problems of excessive weight in infants.