Nursing and the essential public health functions framework in the Americas: reflections and perspectives

Abstract

Objectives: to reflect on nursing’s role in essential public health functions in the Americas, highlighting contributions, challenges, and perspectives for strengthening public health actions. Methods: this theoretical-reflective study was conducted between March and April 2025, based on Pan American Health Organization official documents, especially the 2002 and 2021 versions of the essential functions. The materials were identified by searching the Pan American Health Organization’s institutional repository, including normative and descriptive documents. The analysis was structured in four stages: historical evolution; conceptual update of the functions; impact on the Brazilian reality; and nursing contributions. Results: the updated essential functions incorporated social determinants. Nursing stands out for its strategic role in surveillance, health promotion, and public policy formulation. Final Considerations: the updated essential functions expand opportunities for nursing to reduce inequalities and strengthen resilient and inclusive health systems.