A comparison of the photosensitizing potential of trovafloxacin with that of other quinolones in healthy subjects

Abstract

Treatment with some quinolones is associated with an abnormal skin reaction following exposure to sunlight (photosensitivity). The objective of the current study was to compare the photosensitizing potential of a new quinolone, trovafloxacin, with that of ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin and placebo. Forty-eight healthy males (age range 19-45 years) were randomized to receive a 7 day course of treatment with: (i) trovafloxacin 200 mg od; (ii) ciprofloxacin 500 mg bd; (iii) lomefloxacin 400 mg od; or (iv) placebo bd. Minimal erythema doses (MEDs) were assessed using a monochromator at baseline and on day 5 of treatment, for wavelengths of 305 ± 5, 335 ± 30, 365 ± 30, 400 ± 30 and 430 ± 30 nm; 335 ± 30 and 365 ± 30 nm are within the UVA range. Immediate reaction MEDs were similar in all treatment groups. However, between baseline and day 5, the mean decreases in delayed-reaction MED (24 h) at 335 ± 30 nm were only 18.99% for trovafloxacin versus placebo (P = 0.1267), compared with 53.77% (P ≤ 0.0001) and 64.13% (P ≤ 0.0001) for ciprofloxacin and lomefloxacin, respectively. Similarly, at 365 ± 30 nm, trovafloxacin produced the smallest reduction in delayed MED versus placebo (43.66%), compared with ciprofloxacin (61.53%) and lomefloxacin (75.81%). These differences between trovafloxacin and ciprofloxacin and lomefloxacin were significant at both 335 ± 30 and 365 ± 30 nm (P ≤ 0.029). All MED values returned to baseline levels within 2 days of drug cessation. These results show that trovafloxacin has significantly less photosensitizing potential than either ciprofloxacin or lomefloxacin. This photosensitivity appears to be induced only by wavelengths in the UVA region, is maximal at 24 h and is a short-term effect.