The role of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in neurodegenerative processes and in the neuroregeneration mechanisms induced by increased physical activity

Abstract

The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) belongs to the family of neurotrophins synthesized in the central and peripheral nervous system. Several specific miRNAs (miR-1, miR-126 and miR-30a-5p) are involved in the regulation of BDNF synthesis. Its synthesis is also influenced by the SNP-Val 66Met BDNF polymorphism (rs 6265). BNDF can cross the blood brain barrier. Its role in the central and peripheral rely on regulation of important physiological functions, i.e. development and growth of neurons, the process of learning and memory, apoptosis, neurogenesis and neuroregenation through activation of TRkB and p75NTR receptors. Lowering BDNF level mediates neurodenegeration of neurons including dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease. Regular long-term repeated physical exercise and/or moderate to high intensity training induces an increase level of BDNF and TrkB receptors in the brain regions responsible for motor activity, preventing neurodegeneration, especially in the elderly people. Lowering BDNF level mediates in neurodenegeration of neurons including dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease.