FPGA in the Loop Implementation of Intelligent Controls for Grid-Connected Solar Pumping System

Abstract

This chapter addresses the challenge of ensuring continuous and efficient operation of a photovoltaic (PV) pumping system despite variable solar insolation by developing an intelligent PV-to-grid energy interfacing system. Because solar energy is intermittent, the motor speed in stand-alone solar water pumping systems varies. As a result, variations in solar radiation cause fluctuations in water flow, which can lead to issues such as motor underutilization and extended irrigation times. Consequently, the consistent delivery of water is compromised in these systems. The primary subjects of discussion include a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm, V/f scalar control, and the design and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) implementation of power factor control (PFC). A boost converter serves as a PF correction unit, while a grid-interfacing device is connected to the pump to ensure continuous operation at full capacity for 24 h, regardless of weather conditions, by supplementing insufficient power from the PV array. Intelligent power sharing prioritizes solar PV array power, thereby enhancing grid input quality. An intuitive induction motor drive (IMD) controller optimizes solar power usage based on radiation levels and compensates for deficits by drawing from the single-phase grid to maintain rated water output. Three operational modes guarantee uninterrupted pump performance. To illustrate the efficacy of MPPT, V/f scalar control, and PFC for the boost converter on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), this chapter presents multiple simulation and HIL co-simulation results, along with a thorough analysis of the system’s behavior with different power sources. The implementation aims to reduce system sampling time and is executed on a Xilinx Zynq 7000 SoC ZC702.