Prevalence of Preoperative Anxiety and Associated Factors Among Surgical Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Preoperative anxiety is commonly characterized as a feeling of tension, apprehension, nervousness, distressing fear, and emotional discomfort preceding surgery. Different studies across the countries indicated an inconsistent prevalence of preoperative anxiety and its associated factors. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of preoperative anxiety and associated factors among surgical patients in Ethiopia. Methods: In this study, all observational study designs conducted in Ethiopia were included while studies that did not report our main outcome of interest or did not meet the quality criteria by Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal techniques were excluded. Electronic databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science Core Collection, CAB Abstract, EMBASE, and CINHAL (EBSCO)), Google Scholar, and lists of references were used to search works of literature in Ethiopia. STATA version 17 was used for analysis, and the odds ratios of the outcome variable were determined using the random-effects model. Computing values assessed heterogeneity among the studies for I2 and P-values. Also, sensitivity analysis and funnel plot were done to assess the stability of pooled values to outliers and publication bias respectively. Results: A total of 10 studies were included with a total of 3054 participants. The pooled prevalence of preoperative anxiety among surgical patients in Ethiopia was 60% (95% CI: 55-66, P