Computational Modeling Strategies in Oscillating-Flow Turbine Systems: A Critical Review Based on Wells Turbine Simulations

Abstract

This review provides a critical synthesis of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) strategies applied in the simulation of Wells turbines within oscillating water column (OWC) systems. Focusing on journal articles published between 2010 and 2025, it evaluates turbulence modelling, meshing strategies, solver configurations, and validation practices. Special emphasis is placed on transition model usage, mesh quality indicators, inflation layer setup, and the consistency of residual criteria reporting. Despite the increasing reliance on CFD as a primary tool for design and optimization, the literature reveals significant inconsistencies in simulation setups, validation approaches, and documentation standards. CFD studies are thematically classified—such as by geometry modification, flow control techniques, and postprocessing methods—to identify prevailing trends and critical research gaps. To address the lack of standardization, a CFD workflow tailored to Wells turbine applications is proposed, synthesizing best practices from the literature. This work aims to enhance reproducibility, support methodological transparency, and guide future CFD research in wave energy systems.